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Jan Amor Tarnowski (Latin: Joannes Tarnovius; 1488–1561) was a Polish szlachcic (nobleman), knight, military commander, military theoretician, and statesman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. He was Grand Crown Hetman from 1527, and was the founder of the city of Tarnopol, where he built the Ternopil Castle and the Ternopil Pond. ==History== Tarnowski was born in 1488, the son of Jan Amor Iunior Tarnowski, Kraków's castellan, and his second wife Barbara of Rożnowo, granddaughter of the knight Zawisza Czarny. He was a scion of an important family clan started in the mid-14th century by Spycimir Leliwita, castellan of Kraków. Tarnowski had five half-siblings from his father's first marriage: Jan Amor Starszy, Jan Aleksander (d. 1497), Katarzyna, Zofia and Elżbieta. He had also five half-sisters from his mother's first marriage. He spent his earliest years in Rożnowo and Staresioło. He was originally intened to become a priest; but after his father's death in 1500, his teacher Maciej Drzewiecki convinced Barbara z Rożnowa to abandon this plan. In 1501, Tarnowski was sent to the king's court; but on 17 June 1501, king Jan Olbracht died and Jan Tarnowski returned to Rożnowo, his mother's domain. In 1508, Tarnowski fought against Muscovy in the battle of Orsza; in 1509, against Moldavia in the battle of Chocim, and upon the Dniester as a commander of his own ''chorągiew'' (banner/company). In 1512, he was involved in the battle of Łopuszna, in which Tatars were defeated by Poles. He made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and in 1518 became a knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. He travelled across Europe, and was knighted by king Manuel I of Portugal for his services against the Moors in Africa. Tarnowski was the owner of Tarnów, Wiewiórka, Rożnów, Przeworsk, and Stare Sioło. In 1522, he became castellan of Wojnicz; in 1527, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship; in 1535, voivode of the Kraków Voivodeship. In 1536, he became castellan of Kraków and starost of Sandomierz, Stryj, Żydaczów, Dolina, Sandecz, Chmielnów, Lubaczów and Horodło. In 1521, he participated in the Ottoman-Habsburg wars. He was among the first Hetmans of the Polish Army after its great reforms. He led the Polish Army to many victories, among them the battles of Obertyn against the Moldavians in 1531, and of Starodub against the Muscovites in 1535 during the Muscovite wars.〔 Tarnowski developed, among other things, horse artillery, field hospitals financed by the government, headquarters services, and field sappers. Throughout his entire service as a hetman, he preached a doctrine of flexibility. Poet Jan Kochanowski wrote a poem ''O śmierci Jana Tarnowskiego'' (''On the death of Jan Tarnowski''). He is one of the characters depicted in Jan Matejko painting ''Prussian Homage''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jan Tarnowski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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